Chimbudzi ndi cha chipangizo chaukhondo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka madzi ndi zida zotulutsira madzi. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chimbudzi ichi ndichakuti pulagi yotsukira imayikidwa pamwamba pa malo otseguka a msampha wamadzi wooneka ngati S wa chimbudzi chomwe chilipo, mofanana ndi kuyika doko lowunikira kapena doko lotsukira pa payipi yotulutsira madzi kuti ayeretse zinthu zotsekeka. Chimbudzi chikatsekeka, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pulagi yotsukira iyi kuti achotse mosavuta, mwachangu, komanso mwaukhondo zinthu zotsekeka, zomwe ndizotsika mtengo komanso zothandiza.
Chimbudzi, chomwe chimadziwika ndi kalembedwe ka thupi la munthu kokhala pamene chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: mtundu wothira molunjika ndi mtundu wa siphon malinga ndi njira yothira (mtundu wa siphon umagawidwanso m'magulu awiri: mtundu wa jet siphon ndi mtundu wa vortex siphon)
Mitundu yayikulu yosinthira ndi kuulutsa
Kugawa kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake
Chimbudzi chingagawidwe m'mitundu iwiri: chimbudzi chogawanika ndi chimbudzi cholumikizidwa. Kawirikawiri, chimbudzi chogawanika chimatenga malo ambiri, pomwe chimbudzi cholumikizidwa chimatenga malo ochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, chimbudzi chogawanika chiyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe achikhalidwe komanso mtengo wotsika, pomwe chimbudzi cholumikizidwa chiyenera kuoneka chatsopano komanso chapamwamba, chokhala ndi mtengo wokwera.
Kugawa malo otulutsira madzi
Pali mitundu iwiri ya njira zotulutsira madzi: njira yotulutsira madzi pansi (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti njira yotulutsira madzi pansi) ndi njira yotulutsira madzi yopingasa (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti njira yotulutsira madzi kumbuyo). Njira yotulutsira madzi yopingasa ili pansi, ndipo gawo la payipi ya rabara liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ku njira yotulutsira madzi kumbuyo kwa chimbudzi. Njira yotulutsira madzi pansi pa mzere wapansi, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti njira yotulutsira madzi pansi, imangogwirizanitsa njira yotulutsira madzi ya chimbudzi nayo mukaigwiritsa ntchito.
Kugawa njira zotulutsira madzi
Zimbudzi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: "direct flush" ndi "siphon" malinga ndi momwe zimatulutsidwira.
Mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Chimbudzi chotsukira majeremusi, chokhala ndi chothandizira chapamwamba chokonzedwa pamwamba pa chivundikiro chapamwamba cha elliptical. Chothandizira cha chubu cha nyali chokhazikika chimakhala chofanana ndi U, chozunguliridwa ndi chothandizira chapamwamba chotchingira ndipo chokhazikika pamwamba pa chivundikiro chapamwamba cha elliptical. Chubu cha nyali cha ultraviolet chofanana ndi U chimayikidwa pakati pa chothandizira chapamwamba chotchingira ndi chothandizira cha chubu cha nyali chokhazikika, ndipo chothandizira cha chubu cha nyali chokhazikika chimakhala chokwera kuposa kutalika kwa chubu cha nyali cha ultraviolet chofanana ndi U; Kutalika kwa chothandizira cha chubu cha nyali chokhazikika ndi kochepera kutalika kwa chothandizira chapamwamba chotchingira, ndipo kutalika kwa microswitch K2 ndi kochepera kapena kofanana ndi kutalika kwa chothandizira chapamwamba chotchingira. Mawaya awiri a pini a chubu cha nyali cha ultraviolet chofanana ndi U ndi mawaya awiri a pini a microswitch K2 amalumikizidwa ku dera lamagetsi. Dongosolo lamagetsi limapangidwa ndi magetsi olamulidwa, dera lochedwa, microswitch K1, ndi dera lowongolera. Imayikidwa m'bokosi lamakona anayi, ndipo mawaya anayi a S1, S2, S3, ndi S4 amalumikizidwa motsatana ku mawaya awiri a pini a chubu cha nyali ya ultraviolet yooneka ngati U ndi mawaya awiri a microswitch K2. Chingwe chamagetsi chimaponyedwa kunja kwa bokosilo. Kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta, mphamvu yoyeretsera ndi yabwino, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'zimbudzi za mahotela, malo odyera, malo odyera, ndi mabungwe aboma. Idzakhala ndi gawo labwino pothetsa kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'zimbudzi, kupewa matenda a bakiteriya, komanso kuteteza thanzi la anthu lakuthupi ndi lamaganizo.
Mtundu wosunga madzi
Chimbudzi chosunga madzi chimadziwika ndi izi: chotulutsira madzi m'chimbudzi chomwe chili pansi pa chimbudzi chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi chitoliro chotulutsira madzi m'chimbudzi, ndipo chotchingira chotsekedwa cholumikizidwa ku chivundikiro chapamwamba cha chimbudzi chimayikidwa pamalo otulutsira madzi m'chimbudzi omwe ali pansi pa chimbudzi. Chimbudzi chosunga madzi ichi chili ndi mphamvu zambiri zosunga madzi ndipo chimachepetsa kutulutsa madzi m'chimbudzi, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya anthu, zinthu zakuthupi, ndi ndalama zomwe zimafunikira popereka madzi, kukhetsa madzi m'chimbudzi, komanso kukonza madzi m'chimbudzi.
Chofunikira: Achimbudzi chosawononga madzi, yomwe imapangidwa ndi chimbudzi, chotchingira madzi, ndi chipangizo chotsukira madzi, chomwe chimadziwika ndi izi: chotulutsira madzi a m'chimbudzi pansi pa chimbudzi chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi chitoliro cha zimbudzi, ndipo chotchingira madzi chotsekedwa chimayikidwa pamalo otulutsira madzi a m'chimbudzi pansi pa chimbudzi. Chotchingira madzi chosunthika chimakhazikika pansi pa chimbudzi ndi ndodo yolumikizira, yomwe imalumikizidwa ku chivundikiro chapamwamba cha chimbudzi kudzera mu ndodo yozungulira, ndipo chipangizo chopondereza madzi cha pistoni chimayikidwa patsogolo pa chimbudzi. Cholowera madzi cha chipangizo chopondereza madzi cha pistoni chimalumikizidwa ku thanki yosungira madzi, ndipo valavu yoyimitsa madzi imayikidwa mkati. Chotulutsira madzi cha chipangizo chopondereza madzi cha pistoni chimalumikizidwa kumphepete kwapamwamba kwa mkodzo kudzera mu chitoliro chotulutsira madzi, ndipo valavu yoyimitsa madzi imayikidwa pa chitoliro chotulutsira madzi. Chitoliro cha madzi cholumikizidwa ku zimbudzi zina chimalumikizidwa ku chitoliro cha zimbudzi pafupi ndi kulumikizana pakati pa chitoliro cha zimbudzi ndi chotulutsira madzi a m'chimbudzi.
Mtundu wosungira madzi
Chimbudzi chosunga madzi. Gawo la pansi la chimbudzi lili lotseguka, ndipo valavu yochotsera chimbudzi imayikidwa mkati mwake ndikutsekedwa ndi mphete yotsekera. Vavu yochotsera chimbudzi imakhazikika pansi pa chimbudzi ndi zomangira ndi mbale zopondereza. Pali mutu wothira madzi pamwamba pa chimbudzi. Vavu yolumikizira ili mbali ya chimbudzi pansi pa chogwirira ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi chogwirira. Kapangidwe kosavuta, mtengo wotsika, kosatsekeka, komanso kosunga madzi.
Zogwira ntchito zambiri
Chimbudzi chogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka chomwe chimatha kuzindikira kulemera, kutentha kwa thupi, ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'mkodzo. Ndi sensa yotenthetsera yomwe imayikidwa pamalo osankhidwa pamwamba pa mpando; Pansi pa mipando yomwe ili pamwambapa pali gawo limodzi lokha lodziwira kulemera; Sensa yodziwira shuga mkodzo imayikidwa mkati mwa chimbudzi; Chipinda chowongolera chimakhala ndi chipangizo chowongolera chomwe chimasintha zizindikiro za analog zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi sensa yotenthetsera, chipangizo chodziwira kulemera, ndi sensa yodziwira shuga mkodzo kukhala zizindikiro zapadera. Malinga ndi zomwe zapangidwa pano, anthu amakono amatha kuyeza mosavuta kulemera kwawo, kutentha kwa thupi, ndi shuga mkodzo pogwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi kamodzi patsiku.
Mtundu wogawanika
Chimbudzi chogawanika chimakhala ndi madzi ambiri, mphamvu yokwanira yothira madzi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso mtengo wotchuka kwambiri. Chimbudzi chogawanika nthawi zambiri chimakhala mtundu wa madzi otuluka, okhala ndi phokoso lalikulu lothira madzi. Chifukwa cha thanki yamadzi ndi chimbudzi chachikulu, phindu lake limakhala lalikulu. Kusankha kwa mtunda pakati pa maenje kumachepetsedwa ndi mtunda pakati pa maenje. Ngati ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa mtunda pakati pa maenje, nthawi zambiri imaganiziridwa kuti imamanga khoma kumbuyo kwa chimbudzi kuti ithetse vutoli. Madzi ogawanikawo ndi okwera, mphamvu yothira madzi ndi yamphamvu, ndipo ndithudi, phokosolo ndi lalikulu. Mtundu wogawanika si wokongola ngati mtundu wolumikizidwa.
Fomu yolumikizidwa
Chimbudzi cholumikizidwa chili ndi kapangidwe kamakono, chokhala ndi madzi ochepa poyerekeza ndi thanki yamadzi yogawanika. Chimagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri pang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokwera mtengo kuposa thanki yamadzi yogawanika. Thupi lolumikizidwa nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi njira yotulutsira madzi yamtundu wa siphon yokhala ndi kutsuka kwachete. Chifukwa thanki yamadzi imalumikizidwa ku thupi lalikulu kuti ipse, imakhala yosavuta kuyaka, kotero phindu lake ndi lochepa. Chifukwa cha madzi ochepa a mgwirizano, mtunda wa dzenje la mgwirizano nthawi zambiri umakhala wochepa kuti mphamvu yotulutsa madzi iwonjezere. Kulumikizana sikungolekeredwe ndi mtunda pakati pa maenje, bola ngati uli wocheperapo kuposa mtunda pakati pa nyumba.
Wokwera pakhoma
Chimbudzi chomangiriridwa pakhoma chili ndi zofunikira zapamwamba chifukwa cha thanki yamadzi yolumikizidwa (sichingathe kukonzedwa ngati chasweka), ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ubwino wake ndi wakuti sichitenga malo ambiri ndipo chili ndi kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri, komwe kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunja. Kwa matanki amadzi obisika a chimbudzi, matanki amadzi olumikizidwa, ogawanika, ndi obisika amatha kuwonongeka popanda thanki yamadzi imeneyo. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukalamba kwa zida za thanki yamadzi komanso kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukalamba kwa matanki a rabara.
Malinga ndi mfundo yazimbudzi zotsukira madziPali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya zimbudzi zomwe zikugulitsidwa: direct flush ndi siphon flush. Mtundu wa siphon umagawidwanso m'mitundu iwiri: vortex siphon ndi jet type siphon. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwawo ndi motere:
Mtundu wolipiritsa mwachindunji
Chimbudzi chotsukira madzi mwachindunji chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya madzi kutuluka m'chimbudzi. Nthawi zambiri, khoma la dziwe losambiramo ndi lotsetsereka ndipo malo osungiramo madzi ndi ochepa, kotero mphamvu ya hydraulic imakhala yochuluka. Mphamvu ya hydraulic yozungulira bwalo la chimbudzi imawonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu yotsukira madzi imakhala yokwera.
Ubwino: Njira yotulutsira madzi m'chimbudzi chotsukira madzi mwachindunji ndi yosavuta, yokhala ndi njira yaifupi komanso mainchesi okhuthala (nthawi zambiri mainchesi 9 mpaka 10 m'mimba mwake). Itha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokoka ya madzi kuti itsukire chimbudzi, ndipo njira yotulutsira madzi ndi yochepa. Poyerekeza ndi chimbudzi chotsukira madzi m'njira ya mphamvu yotulutsira madzi, chimbudzi chotsukira madzi mwachindunji sichili ndi njira yobwerera m'mbuyo ndipo chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yotulutsira madzi mwachindunji, yomwe ndi yosavuta kutsuka dothi lalikulu. Sizosavuta kuyambitsa kutsekeka panthawi yotsuka madzi, ndipo palibe chifukwa chokonzekera dengu la pepala m'bafa. Ponena za kusunga madzi, ndi bwinonso kuposa chimbudzi chotsukira madzi.
Zoyipa: Vuto lalikulu la zimbudzi zothira madzi mwachindunji ndi phokoso lalikulu lothira madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha malo ochepa osungira madzi, kukulitsa madzi kumachitika, ndipo ntchito yoletsa fungo siili bwino ngati yazimbudzi za siphonKuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yochepa ya zimbudzi zotsukira mwachindunji pamsika, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana siyofanana ndi ya zimbudzi zotsukira.
Mtundu wa Siphon
Kapangidwe ka chimbudzi cha mtundu wa siphon ndi kakuti payipi yotulutsira madzi imakhala mu mawonekedwe a "Å". Pambuyo poti payipi yotulutsira madzi yadzazidwa ndi madzi, padzakhala kusiyana kwa madzi. Kutulutsa madzi otuluka mu payipi yotulutsira madzi m'chimbudzi kudzatulutsa madzi m'chimbudzi. Chifukwa chakuti kutsuka madzi m'chimbudzi cha mtundu wa siphon kumadalira mphamvu ya madzi, pamwamba pa madzi m'dziwe ndi lalikulu ndipo phokoso la kutsuka madzi ndi laling'ono. Chimbudzi cha mtundu wa siphon chingagawidwenso m'mitundu iwiri: vortex type siphon ndi jet type siphon.
1) Vortex siphon
Mtundu uwu wa malo otulutsira madzi m'chimbudzi uli mbali imodzi ya pansi pa chimbudzi. Potulutsira madzi m'chimbudzi, madziwo amapanga vortex m'mbali mwa khoma la dziwe, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu yotulutsira madzi m'khoma la dziwe komanso zimawonjezera mphamvu yoyamwa ya siphon effect, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kutulutsa madzi m'zimbudzi.
2) Jet siphon
Kukonzanso kwina kwachitika pa chimbudzi cha mtundu wa siphon powonjezera njira yachiwiri yopopera pansi pa chimbudzi, yogwirizana ndi pakati pa malo otulutsira zinyalala. Potsuka, gawo lina la madzi limatuluka kuchokera pa dzenje logawa madzi mozungulira chimbudzi, ndipo gawo lina limapopera ndi chopopera. Mtundu uwu wa chimbudzi umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yayikulu yoyendera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito siphon kuti uchotse dothi mwachangu.
Ubwino: Ubwino waukulu wa chimbudzi cha siphon ndi phokoso lake lochepa lotulutsa madzi, lomwe limatchedwa kuti bubu. Ponena za mphamvu yake yotulutsa madzi, mtundu wa siphon ndi wosavuta kutulutsa dothi lomwe limamatira pamwamba pa chimbudzi chifukwa uli ndi mphamvu yosungira madzi ambiri komanso mphamvu yabwino yopewera fungo kuposa mtundu wa flush mwachindunji. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zimbudzi zamtundu wa siphon pamsika, ndipo padzakhala njira zambiri zogulira chimbudzi.
Zoyipa: Mukatsuka chimbudzi cha siphon, madzi ayenera kutsanulidwa pamwamba kwambiri dothi lisanatsukidwe. Chifukwa chake, payenera kukhala madzi enaake kuti akwaniritse cholinga chotsuka. Nthawi iliyonse muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito malita 8 mpaka 9 a madzi, omwe ndi ochulukirapo kuposa madzi. M'mimba mwake mwa chitoliro chotulutsira madzi cha mtundu wa siphon ndi pafupifupi masentimita 56 okha, chomwe chimatseka mosavuta mukatsuka, kotero pepala la chimbudzi silingaponyedwe mwachindunji m'chimbudzi. Kukhazikitsa chimbudzi cha mtundu wa siphon nthawi zambiri kumafuna dengu la pepala ndi lamba.
1. Mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya wa vortex siphon imachokera ku vortex kapena ntchito ya chotulutsira mpweya cha m'mphepete mwa diagonal, ndipo kutulutsa mpweya wa chitoliro chobwerera mwachangu kumayambitsa vuto la siphon mkati mwa chimbudzi. Ma Vortex siphon amadziwika ndi malo awo akuluakulu otsekedwa ndi madzi komanso kugwira ntchito chete. Madziwo amapanga mphamvu yapakati poponda m'mphepete mwa chimango chozungulira mopingasa, ndikupanga vortex pakati pa chimbudzi kuti akoke zomwe zili m'chimbudzi mu chitoliro cha zimbudzi. Mphamvu ya vortex iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri poyeretsa chimbudzi bwino. Chifukwa cha madzi omwe amafika kuchimbudzi, madziwo amathira mwachindunji ku chotulutsira mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti siphon igwire ntchito mwachangu ndikutulutsa dothi lonse.
2、 Kusamba madzi pogwiritsa ntchito Siphon ndi chimodzi mwa mapangidwe awiri omwe amapanga siphon effect popanda nozzle. Kumadalira kwathunthu kuyenda kwa madzi mwachangu komwe kumachitika potulutsa madzi kuchokera pampando kupita kuchimbudzi kuti adzaze chitoliro chobwezera madzi ndikuyambitsa siphon ya zinyalala m'chimbudzi. Khalidwe lake ndilakuti lili ndi pamwamba pamadzi pang'ono koma phokoso lake ndi lofooka pang'ono. Monga momwe zimakhalira kuthira chidebe cha madzi m'chimbudzi, madziwo amadzaza chitoliro chobwezera madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti siphon effect ituluke mwachangu m'chimbudzi ndikuletsa madzi ambiri obwerera kutuluka m'chimbudzi.
3, Jet siphon ndi yofanana ndi lingaliro loyambira la kapangidwe ka siphon action return payipi, komwe ndi kogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Dzenje la jet limatulutsa madzi ambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo limayambitsa siphon action, popanda kukweza mulingo mkati mwa chidebe musanatulutse zomwe zili mkati. Kupatula kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete, kupopera siphon kumapanganso pamwamba pa madzi akuluakulu. Madzi amalowa kudzera mu dzenje la kupopera patsogolo pa mpando ndi kupotoza, ndikudzaza kwathunthu mbuyo yobwerera, ndikupanga mphamvu yoyamwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azituluka mwachangu kuchokera kuchimbudzi ndikuletsa madzi obwerera kuti asakwere m'chimbudzi.
4, Kapangidwe ka mtundu wa kutsuka sikuphatikizapo mphamvu ya siphon, imadalira kwathunthu mphamvu yoyendetsera yomwe imachokera ku dontho la madzi kuti itulutse dothi. Makhalidwe ake ndi phokoso lalikulu panthawi yotsuka, pamwamba pa madzi ang'onoang'ono komanso osaya, komanso zovuta kuyeretsa dothi ndikupanga fungo.
