Ndani angatchule zinthu zazimbudzi zadothiUbwino ndi kuipa kwake
Chimbudzi cha ceramic ndi ceramic, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi dothi la porcelain loyaka pa kutentha kwakukulu ndipo chili ndi glaze pamwamba pake. Ubwino wake ndi wokongola, wosavuta kuyeretsa, komanso nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito. Vuto lake ndilakuti chimawonongeka mosavuta panthawi yoyendera.
Kodi ukadaulo wamadzi wamba waku America wa porcelain ndi woyeretsa kwambiri?chimbudzi chotsukidwaoyera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi oyenda
Ayi, chifukwa chake ukadaulo wa ceramic wamadzi umatsuka bwino ndi chifukwa chakuti zinthu za ceramic zachimbudziIli ndi mphamvu yotha kusungunuka m'madzi, yomwe imatha kukoka mamolekyu amadzi mwamphamvu ndikulola kuti madzi ayende pakati pa pamwamba pa dothi ndi ceramic. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya madzi kuyenda nthawi iliyonse ikatuluka imapangitsa kuti dothi ligwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lisamatsuke mosavuta, osati chifukwa chakuti limawonjezera kuyenda kwa madzi.
Ine ndekha, ndikuganiza kuti kuchotsedwa kwaChimbudzi cha American Standardndi zodabwitsa kwambiri. Ukadaulo wa kuyeretsa madzi wa American Standard umayang'ana kwambiri pa ntchito yochotsa dothi ndikuletsa madontho a madzi. Malinga ndi mawu oyamba a wogulitsa, zinthu zadothi za chimbudzi chaukadaulo uwu zimakhala ndi mphamvu yofewa. Madzi akamatsuka, amalowa pakati pa pamwamba pa chimbudzi ndi dothi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dothi limasulike ndikugwa. Ndawona chiwonetsero chawo pamalopo pachiwonetserochi, ndipo kufananizako kukuwonekerabe.
4. N’chifukwa chiyani chimbudzi chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zoumba
Chifukwa chimbudzi choyambirira chinali chopangidwa ndi matabwa, koma kuuma kwake sikunali kokwanira, ndipo chinali chosavuta kutuluka madzi ndipo chinali chovuta kupanga mawonekedwe enaake. Pakapita nthawi, ndowe zimakhalabe pachimbudzi, zomwe zimabala mabakiteriya ndi kufalitsa matenda. Pambuyo pake, anthu ena adalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito miyala ndi lead popanga zimbudzi, kutanthauza, kutentha miyala ndi lead, kenako kutseka mipata ndi phula, utomoni, ndi sera. Mtundu uwu wa chimbudzi umathetsa vuto la kutuluka kwa madzi, koma ndi wovuta kwambiri kupanga ndipo ndi wovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza ndi fumbi lambiri, kukhalapo kwake nthawi yozizira kumatha kuzizira ndikubweretsa zoopsa zambiri paumoyo. Pambuyo poti porcelain yaku China yalowa ku Europe, idatsegula mutu watsopano pakukula kwa ukadaulo wa zimbudzi. Pamene Azungu adaphunzira luso lopanga porcelain, porcelain pang'onopang'ono idakula kuchokera kuzinthu zake zapamwamba zoyambirira kupita ku zopangira zopangira zimbudzi. Zimbudzi za ceramic zonse ndi zolimba komanso zosatulutsa madzi, zopanda mabakiteriya otsala, zosavuta kuyeretsa, ndipo zimakhala ndi moyo wautali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya chitukuko cha zimbudzi. Mu 1883, Thomas? Turifed adagulitsa zimbudzi za ceramic ndipo adakhala ziwiya zoyera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kotero tsopano zimbudzi zonse zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zadothi.
A chimbudziayenera kukhala ndi luso lotha kumaliza ntchito zitatu izi: choyamba, ayenera kukhala makina ochapira; Kachiwiri, ayenera kukhala osalowa madzi, oyera, komanso aukhondo; Pomaliza, ayenera kukhala olimba. Chifukwa anthu amakhala pa chimbudzi, pomwe ena amalemera kwambiri. Ndipo porcelain yakwaniritsa kale zosowa zitatu zomwe zili pamwambapa. Kapangidwe ka chimbudzi ndi kovuta kwambiri, ndi matanki amadzi, ma valve, mapaipi odzaza madzi, ndi mapaipi a zimbudzi - zonse zomwe ndi zofewa kwambiri ndipo zili ndi ntchito zambiri zovuta zaukadaulo. Zimbudzi za ceramic monga galasi zimapangidwa ndi dongo ndi madzi. Njira yopangira zimbudzi imaphatikizapo kupanga billet, kupanga billet, ndi kupopera porcelain. Njirazi ndizosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo. Kumbali ina, njira yopangira pulasitiki kukhala zinthu ndi extrusion kapena injection molding. Mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki kupanga chimbudzi chokhala ndi kapangidwe kovuta ndi wokwera kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake pulasitiki nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpando m'zimbudzi: kugwiritsa ntchito ngati chinthu chachikulu kungayambitse ndalama zambiri. Chinthu china ndi kulimba. Tonsefe timafunika kugona pansi pa chimbudzi - tikagona pansi, ndibwino kuti tisatulutse madzi kapena kupopera chilichonse. Porcelain yokhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri ndi yolimba kwambiri komanso yolimba. Pulasitiki iyi siingatsimikizidwe. Ngati ndinu munthu woonda komanso wabwinobwino, simungamvetse bwino mfundo iyi. Komabe, kwa munthu wonenepa kwambiri, ngati afika movutikira nthawi iliyonse akamagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, ndipochimbudziNdi chinthu cholimba, tingaganize kuti pakapita nthawi, zipangizo zapulasitiki zidzapinda pang'onopang'ono pansi pa kugwedezeka kwakukulu kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Chimbudzi chiyenera kukhala ndi luso lotha kuchita ntchito zitatu izi: choyamba, chiyenera kukhala makina ochapira; Kachiwiri, chiyenera kukhala chosalowa madzi, choyera, komanso chaukhondo; Pomaliza, chiyenera kukhala cholimba. Chifukwa anthu amakhala pa chimbudzi, pomwe ena amalemera kwambiri. Ndipo porcelain yakwaniritsa kale zosowa zitatu zomwe zili pamwambapa. Kapangidwe ka chimbudzi ndi kovuta kwambiri, ndi matanki amadzi, ma valve, mapaipi odzaza madzi, ndi mapaipi a zimbudzi - zonse zomwe ndi zofewa kwambiri ndipo zili ndi ntchito zambiri zovuta. Zimbudzi za ceramic monga galasi zimapangidwa ndi dongo ndi madzi. Njira yopangira zimbudzi imaphatikizapo kupanga billet, kupanga billet, ndi kupopera porcelain. Njirazi ndizosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo. Kumbali ina, njira yopangira pulasitiki kukhala zinthu ndi extrusion kapena injection molding. Mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki kupanga chimbudzi chokhala ndi kapangidwe kovuta ndi wokwera kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake pulasitiki nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpando m'zimbudzi: kuigwiritsa ntchito ngati chinthu chachikulu kungayambitse ndalama zambiri. Chinthu china ndi kulimba. Tonsefe timafunika kugona pa chimbudzi - tikagona pa icho, ndibwino kuti tisatulutse madzi kapena kupopera chilichonse. Porcelain yokhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri ndi yolimba kwambiri komanso yolimba. Pulasitiki iyi siingatsimikizidwe. Ngati ndinu munthu woonda komanso wabwinobwino, simungamvetse bwino mfundo imeneyi. Komabe, kwa munthu wonenepa kwambiri, ngati afika movutikira nthawi iliyonse akamagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, ndipo chimbudzicho ndi chinthu cholimba, zitha kuganiziridwa kuti pakapita nthawi, zipangizo zapulasitiki zidzapindika pang'onopang'ono pansi pa kugwedezeka kwakukulu kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Chifukwa chimbudzi choyambirira chinali chopangidwa ndi matabwa, koma kuuma kwake sikunali kokwanira, ndipo chinali chosavuta kutuluka madzi ndipo chinali chovuta kupanga mawonekedwe enaake. Pakapita nthawi, ndowe zimakhalabe pachimbudzi, zomwe zimabala mabakiteriya komanso kufalitsa matenda. Pambuyo pake, anthu ena adalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito miyala ndi lead popanga zimbudzi, kutanthauza kutentha miyala ndi lead, kenako kutseka mipata ndi phula, utomoni, ndi sera. Izimtundu wa chimbudziZimathetsa vuto la kutuluka kwa madzi, koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupanga ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito. Pokhalapo ndi fumbi lambiri, kukhalapo nthawi yozizira kumatha kuzizira ndikubweretsa zoopsa zambiri paumoyo. Pambuyo poti dongo la ku China lalowa ku Europe, linatsegula mutu watsopano pakukula kwa ukadaulo wa zimbudzi. Pamene Azungu adaphunzira luso lopanga dongo la porcelain, dongo la porcelain linakula pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku zinthu zake zapamwamba zoyambirira mpaka zopangira zopangira zimbudzi. Zimbudzi za ceramic ndi zolimba komanso zosatulutsa madzi, zopanda mabakiteriya otsala, zosavuta kuyeretsa, ndipo zimakhala ndi moyo wautali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya chitukuko cha zimbudzi. Mu 1883, Thomas adapanga zimbudzi za ceramic zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwambiri ndipo zinakhala ziwiya zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chifukwa chake tsopano zimbudzi zonse zimapangidwa ndi dongo la porcelain. Yankho ili likulangizidwa ndi Cai Hongling, katswiri wodziwika bwino pankhani ya moyo wathanzi.
Chifukwa chimbudzi choyambirira chinali chopangidwa ndi matabwa, koma kuuma kwake sikunali kokwanira, ndipo chinali chosavuta kutuluka madzi ndipo chinali chovuta kupanga mawonekedwe enaake. Pakapita nthawi, ndowe zimakhalabe pachimbudzi, zomwe zimabala mabakiteriya ndi kufalitsa matenda. Pambuyo pake, anthu ena adalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito miyala ndi lead popanga zimbudzi, kutanthauza, kutentha miyala ndi lead, kenako kutseka mipata ndi phula, utomoni, ndi sera. Mtundu uwu wa chimbudzi umathetsa vuto la kutuluka kwa madzi, koma ndi wovuta kwambiri kupanga ndipo ndi wovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza ndi fumbi lambiri, kukhalapo kwake nthawi yozizira kumatha kuzizira ndikubweretsa zoopsa zambiri paumoyo. Pambuyo poti porcelain yaku China yalowa ku Europe, idatsegula mutu watsopano pakukula kwa ukadaulo wa zimbudzi. Pamene Azungu adaphunzira luso lopanga porcelain, porcelain pang'onopang'ono idakula kuchokera kuzinthu zake zapamwamba zoyambirira kupita ku zopangira zopangira zimbudzi. Zimbudzi za ceramic zonse ndi zolimba komanso zosatulutsa madzi, zopanda mabakiteriya otsala, zosavuta kuyeretsa, ndipo zimakhala ndi moyo wautali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya chitukuko cha zimbudzi. Mu 1883, Thomas? Turifed adagulitsa zimbudzi za ceramic ndipo adakhala ziwiya zoyera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kotero tsopano zimbudzi zonse zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zadothi.
